Congenital kyphosis is a birth defect. It is rare but can progressively destroy the spine without treatment. Early treatment is essential to halt the progression and protect the spinal cord from compression and possible neurological deficits. Late treatment is difficult and dangerous.

Congenital kyphosis is present and in many cases is visible at birth. It is caused by abnormal formation of the vertebrae or failure of segmentation of the vertebrae in utero early in embryonic development. The cause of the disruption is believed to be a genetic mistake. Some forms of congenital kyphosis run in families.

The defect may present as missing vertebrae or fusion of two or more vertebrae which may appear as a lump on the baby’s spine. However, in some cases, the deformity may only become noticeable with rapid skeletal growth during the first year of life. Congenital kyphosis worsens as the child grows and can produce scoliosis, and other deformities.

There is a wide range of severity. Often children with congenital kyphosis also have other birth defects involving the heart and kidneys. Early growth-friendly surgery is the recommended procedure to re-align the spine and prevent progression.

Physical exam and x-rays will confirm the diagnosis. Other tests may be ordered to identify hidden abnormalities of the spinal cord, kidneys, heart, and digestive system. Other imaging studies may be ordered to gain more information about the abnormality and potential for progression when planning for surgery.

Conservative treatment will not control progression of the curve. Surgical intervention is the treatment of choice for severe progressive kyphosis. Early surgical intervention produces the best outcome and will halt progression of the curve.

Surgery is highly technical and complex. Spinal surgery on children and adolescents requires extensive knowledge and experience by a team with the specialized skills and training to deliver state – of – the – art care; and the compassion and empathy necessary to clearly and calmly advise the family.

Dr. Harry L. Shufflebarger is a board-certified pediatric orthopedic surgeon and a nationally and internationally recognized expert in the care of all pediatric spine disorders, including congenital kyphosis. He is one of the top ten pediatric spine surgeons in the US. Dr. Shufflebarger is the chief of spinal surgery at the Nicklaus Children’s Hospital in Miami, Florida. In addition to his many accomplishments in research and innovation in pediatric spine conditions, he is a kind and compassionate doctor who is sought out by parents the world over.